Initial trigger: an unknown trigger activates the mature B-cells to produce aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin antibodies (AQP4-IgGs) AQP4-IgG penetration: AQP4-IgGs enter through the blood-brain barrier ...

Thus, although most clinicians have agreed that visual outcomes in MOGAD would be much better than that in AQP4-positive optic neuritis, it was not scientifically evidenced-based on data with a ...

This disorder overlaps with both AQP4-IgG–seropositive NMOSD and multiple sclerosis, both of which also can cause optic neuritis or myelitis. 26 Patients with NMOSD clinical syndromes generally ...

A 34-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis and prior optic neuritis in the right eye presented to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic with 3 days of pain with eye movement and mildly ...

To understand the prevalence and quality of asymptomatic optic nerve enhancement, Shah and colleagues recently performed a retrospective study of AQP4-IgG–seropositive patients diagnosed with ON ...

Optic neuritis is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects your eyes and vision. Learn more about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of optic neuritis.

NMO can cause optic neuritis and myelitis. ... Doctors will first rule out other possible conditions, then make a diagnosis based on whether a person tests AQP4-positive.

Among patients with AQP4-NMOSD, those with cardiovascular comorbidities exhibited higher annual optic neuritis relapses than those with autoimmune comorbidities (mean, 1.06 ± 3.33 vs 0.49 ± 0.98 ...

Most previous studies investigating AQP4-Ab did not evaluate CSF, [2,5,9–11] used assays with low sensitivity, ... ON = optic neuritis; OND = other neurological diseases ...

Optic neuritis or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis coexisting with systemic autoimmune disease: 3 (3) 1 (2) ... First, only patients with AQP4-IgG antibodies were included, ...