Confidence builds a sense of control, and two brain circuits turn that estimate into how much you learn from a win or a loss.

A new study identifies how much clearcutting boreal forests can withstand before populations of old-growth forest birds begin ...

Colorful pigments may have helped cactus relatives tolerate drought before succulence became a major survival strategy.

Mountain plant extinctions are climbing on Europe's highest summits, and a shrinking patch of ground is the first sign of one ...

Three peptides stayed whole for weeks in 98% sulfuric acid, the stuff of Venus's clouds, and all three folded into the same ...

Steel, cement, aluminum, and fertilizer sit behind a fifth of global emissions, and a carbon price floor could raise $200 ...

New gravity data reveal a major temperature divide deep inside Mars, with the southern interior hundreds of degrees hotter ...

A fruit fly can taste food all over its body. New research shows how those signals travel through the brain to control eating ...

Early paternal care shaped later behavior and brain gene activity in threespine sticklebacks, with effects lasting for months.

Coastal marshes lock away carbon for centuries. But when they erode, that buried carbon slips sideways into the sea.

Helpful bacteria may protect tomato plants from bacterial canker while also supporting stronger growth under controlled ...

Decades of data reveal major changes in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, from longer melt seasons and thinner ice to declining ...