Severely abnormal vessel development with a partial retinal detachment. Stage 4 is divided into two parts: ∠Stage 4A where the detachment does not include the macula, and the vision may be good.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of a combined macular buckle under direct vision and 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in refractory macular hole ...

Pars plana vitrectomy is a type of eye surgery used to treat a variety of problems with the retina or the vitreous. These problems can include diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment. Other names ...