Inflammatory bowel disease comes in two main varieties, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although both cause chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue and weight loss, their causes and the ...
Smoking affects the immune system of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by modulating gut metabolite profiles and mucosal microbiota, potentially explaining why smoking is harmful in Crohn ...
Diagram showing the mechanism discovered in the study. Inflammation of the intestines in ulcerative colitis results from an excessive helper Th2 immune response. Smoking leads to aromatic compounds ...
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