Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. The internal structure of a proton, with quarks, gluons, and quark spin ...

“This research helps reveal how nuclear matter behaves under extreme conditions, like those that existed just after the Big ...

Stephen has degrees in science (Physics major) and arts (English Literature and the History and Philosophy of Science), as well as a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication.

"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through the links below." New research shows that protons contain intrinsic charm quarks. This is despite the fact that ...

Protons might be stretchier than they should be. The subatomic particles are built of smaller particles called quarks, which are bound together by a powerful interaction known as the strong force. New ...

A view inside a proton moving at nearly the speed of light toward the viewer with its spin pointing horizontally shows differences in the spatial distributions of the momentum of up (left) and down ...

New theory work at the U.S. Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has shown that more than half of the spin of the proton is the result of the movement of its building ...

An analysis by physicists of colliding protons is tackling the mystery of where protons get their intrinsic property known as spin. Along with neutrons, protons are housed inside an atom's nucleus.

Physics at the smallest scales is a challenge of observation: Particles are often fleeting, and the forces that govern their behavior are nearly imperceptible. But now, by exploiting decades-old data ...

Protons make up most of the visible universe. Now, in a new study published in the August 18 issue of the journal Nature, scientists find that because of the strange nature of quantum physics, protons ...

The three valence quarks of a proton contribute to its spin, but so do the gluons, sea quarks and antiquarks, and orbital angular momentum as well. The electrostatic repulsion and the attractive ...