There are a variety of maintenance routines that people can run in OS X, including the disk verification and permissions repair that come with the system, along with scripts such as cache cleaners ...
Disk Utility is Apple's go-to macOS app for finding and repairing common disk errors, but if it's your Mac's internal disk that's the problem, then your Mac might not even start up into macOS.
Repairing Disk Permissions. Not exactly a topic that you would expect to spark much controversy. Yet, surprisingly, it is the focal point of a rather heated debate. The command itself is innocuous ...