Business enterprises are complex adaptive systems (CAS) subject to fragility caused by the non-linear effects of uncertain risk events. The regional bank collapses in the United States are a case in ...
Artificial life seeks to recreate the core hallmarks of living systems—self-regeneration, evolvability and learning—using computational, biochemical or robotic media. By engineering lifelike processes ...
Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30, no. 7 (August 2001).