How these menacing towers of raw concrete that just a few short years ago were considered the ugliest buildings in the world ...

His contempt for brutalism isn’t surprising, given that it is mostly associated with 1960s-era government and university ...

Breuer is also known for designing parts of Paris's UNESCO headquarters, New York's Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Pirelli Tire Building in Connecticut. Brutalism is a polarizing design ...

Trahan also sees Brutalism as challenging Western views of beauty. “I’ve always been drawn to classic examples, like Boston City Hall or the Kimbell Art Museum," he says. "Both are contrasting ...

A Modernist subgenre popular in the United States especially in the 1960s and ’70s, Brutalism is typically defined by poured concrete, blockiness and a minimalist ethos, emphasizing functionality.

Similarly the situationists (a French anti-capitalist art movement) denounced brutalist housing estates as “machines for living”. They saw them as oppressive structures that stifled human connection.